Cattle assembly and gene annotation

Cattle —colloquially cows— are the most common type of large domesticated ungulates. They are a prominent modern member of the subfamily Bovinae, are the most widespread species of the genus Bos, and are most commonly classified collectively as Bos taurus. In 2009, cattle became one of the first livestock animals to have a fully mapped genome.

Archeozoological and genetic data indicate that cattle were first domesticated from wild aurochs (Bos primigenius) approximately 10,500 years ago. There were two major areas of domestication: one in the Near East, giving rise to the taurine line, and a second in the area that is now Pakistan, resulting in the indicine line. Modern mitochondrial DNA variation indicates the taurine line may have arisen from as few as 80 aurochs tamed in the upper reaches of Mesopotamia near the villages of Çayönü Tepesi in what is now southeastern Turkey and Dja'de el-Mughara in what is now northern Iraq.

Assembly

The ARS-UCD2.0 assembly was submitted by USDA ARS and last updated on 2024-08-16. The assembly is on the chromosome level, consisting of 2344 contigs assembled into 1958 scaffolds. The N50 size is the length such that 50% of the assembled genome lies in blocks of the N50 size or longer. The N50 length for the contigs is 26402946 while the scaffold N50 is 103308737.

Other assemblies

Gene annotation

Genome annotation was generated using the Ensembl vertebrate annotation pipeline.

In accordance with the Fort Lauderdale Agreement, please check the publication status of the genome/assembly before publishing any genome-wide analyses using these data.

More information

General information about this species can be found in Wikipedia.